Essay on Social Cognitive Theory - 1586 Words

Social Cognitive Theory Nowadays, many people both young and old tend to engage in health compromising behaviors. Some of which include: alcohol abuse, drug abuse, smoking, and the specific topic interest condom use, or maybe in this case condom non-use. From these particular behaviors a question poses: Why do people engage in health compromising behaviors? There are in fact many theories or processes that can give explanations to this particular question. One theory that can be related to this specific question is the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT). Dr. Albert Bandura originated social Cognitive Theory in the early 1960s. It actually stems from the Social Learning Theory. It has origins in the discipline of psychology, with†¦show more content†¦The third concept associated with the SCT is vicarious capability. Vicarious processes refer to the human ability to learn not only from direct experience, but also from the observation of others. Observational learning allows one to develop an idea of how a new behavior is performed with actually performing the behavior oneself. Forethought capability is the fourth concept that is associated with the SCT. It implies that most human behavior is purposive and is regulated by this. Forethought is a persons capability to motivate themselves and guide their actions anticipatorily. It mentions that previous experiences create expectations of the outcome that will occur as a result of performing a behavior, before the behavior is performed. These expectations influence the likelihood that a behavior will be performed again. In the case of the scenario, this concept implies that if the two had been in this predicament prior to that specific time, then it is likely that they would already know what was going to happen. The fifth concept incorporated into the SCT is self-regulatory capability. This allows people to have personal control over their own thoughts, feelings, motivation, and actions. It is important because it allow s the gradual substitution of internal controls for external controls of behavior. With this concept applied to the scenario, it simply refers to theShow MoreRelatedSocial Cognitive Theory618 Words   |  3 PagesSocial Cognitive Theory The social cognitive theory was formed in in 1977 primarily from the work of Albert Bandura, initially developed with the purpose of explaining social behaviors. It emphasizes that â€Å"learning occurs in a social context, and that much of what is learned is gained through observation† (Anderman amp; Anderman, 2009, p. 834). This theory has been applied to a wide spectrum of areas of study such as human functioning as career choice, athletics, organizational behavior, and mentalRead MoreExpectancy Theory And Social Cognitive Theory Essay1190 Words   |  5 PagesMotivation Theories: Expectancy Theory in Practice and Social Cognitive Theory Expectancy theory in practice In Expectancy theory we focus on the mental processes when considering choice, or choosing. It clarifies what an individual feel while making choices. In the study of organizational behavior, we can see that expectancy theory is a motivation theory, it tells us that employees who are sure in their ability to perform a particular task are motivated by their expectations of the consequencesRead MoreExpectancy Theory And Social Cognitive Theory Essay1163 Words   |  5 PagesExpectancy Theory in Practice and Social Cognitive Theory Expectancy theory in practice Expectancy theory is about the mental processes regarding choice, or choosing. It explains the processes that an individual undergoes to make choices. In the study of organizational behavior, expectancy theory is a motivation theory first proposed by Victor Vroom of the Yale School of Management. Expectancy theory tells us that people who are confident in their ability to perform a particular task are motivatedRead MoreBandura s Social Cognitive Theory1202 Words   |  5 PagesBandura’s Social Cognitive Theory Video Notes Triadic Reciprocal Causation Describe what triadic reciprocal causation is. Albert Bandura, introduced triadic reciprocal causation as a term referring to mutual influences between three sets of factors: personal, the environment, and behavior. This can be a cognitive factor for memory, anticipation, and planning. How is triadic reciprocal causation of social cognitive theory different than earlier behavioral learning theories? Triadic reciprocalRead MoreThe Social Cognitive Theory Of Albert Bandura1012 Words   |  5 PagesThe Social Cognitive Theory of Albert Bandura Albert Bandura is well known for his accomplishments and scientific contributions to the world of psychology. His research has helped to explain how individuals in a society are influenced by other individuals in the same society. It has also helped in understanding how external factors can influence’s ones feelings of self-worth. Albert Bandura was born in Alberta, Canada on December 5, 1925. Throughout his childhood, Bandura was part of a schoolRead MoreHealth Promotion Model And Theories Of Social Cognitive Theory Essay728 Words   |  3 PagesModel and Theories Social Cognitive Theory, Health Belief Model, and Transtheoretical Model of Behavior Change are the three models I chose to discuss. An electronic database searched was completed. Three articles were chosen to summarize and discuss each of the above models. Social Cognitive Theory The article by Son et al. (2011) studies the effect of social cognitive factors among middle-aged and older adults’ leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) participation. The social cognitive factorsRead MoreThe Triadic Reciprocal Causation Of Social Cognitive Theory1749 Words   |  7 PagesDescribe what triadic reciprocal causation is. Albert Bandura’s social cognitive theory explains psychological functioning in terms of triadic reciprocal causation. Triadic reciprocal causation is a system assuming human action as a result of an interaction with the environment, behavior, and a person. Bandura explains person as being a cognitive factor such as memory, anticipation, and planning. It is because of these cognitive capacities that some people can select or restructure their environmentRead MoreAlbert Bandura s Social Cognitive Theory926 Words   |  4 Pagespunishment. For 17 years, Mr. R.J. did a lot of observing. Every observation and experience helped with his choices of actions. Albert Bandura s Social Cognitive Theory will explain how R.J. s behavior was caused by his past. Albert Bandura s Social Cognitive Theory explains that people develops a skill or habit based on what they observed during social interactions, experiences, and outside media influences (Santrock, 2011). Bandura uses a model to explain the factors and how they connect betweenRead MoreApplying the Social Cognitive Theory of Albert Bandura1070 Words   |  5 Pagesappeal to Mr. Keller. Im not a good student. Give me P.E. or art over this stuff any day! If we apply Albert Banduras social cognitive theory in her comment I just cant do this writing stuff how does Banduras theory help us to understand Annie? According, the Social Cognitive Theory of Albert Bandura which combines both behavioral and cognitive philosophies to form his theory of modeling, or observational learning states that human personality is an interaction between the environment and a personsRead MoreThe Social Cognitive Theory Of A Dynamic And Reciprocal Fashion1895 Words   |  8 PagesOVERVIEW: The social cognitive theory in essence is the theory that proposes behavior is a result of personal, behavioral, and environmental factors that influence each other in a dynamic and reciprocal fashion. Environments shape behaviors, but individuals have the power to influence the environment as well as their own behaviors through self-reflection and self-regulatory process. Personal factors involve people’s thoughts and beliefs about the desired outcomes, their ability to perform the behavior

Dissertation Mme Bovary French - 2133 Words

Il a à ©tà © dit que la và ©ritable originalità © des grands romanciers rà ©alistes à ©tait  « davoir transformà © la rà ©alità © vulgaire en Å“uvre dart  ». En vous appuyant sur là ©tude prà ©cise de  «Madame Bovary », vous justifierez ce jugement. ? Introduction Le rà ©alisme classique faisait du beau et du laid la matià ¨re de son art. Mais il en proscrivait le mà ©diocre et comme le disait La Bruyà ¨re, on ne saurait reprà ©senter  « un laquais qui siffle  » ou  « un homme dans sa garde-robe  ». La grande originalità © des à ©crivains rà ©alistes fut dadmettre que tout ce qui se trouvait dans la nature et mà ªme le mà ©diocre, pouvait et devait entrer dans le cadre de leurs Å“uvres. Et à   vrai dire, ils ont mà ªme manifestà © une prà ©dilection à   sinspirer de sujets, à   dà ©peindre des†¦show more content†¦Le dà ©cor prosaà ¯que, prà ©tentieux et sans goà »t est bien à   lunisson des personnages. II. LOEUVRE DART Cest pourtant à   partir de cette rà ©alità © vulgaire que Flaubert a crà ©Ãƒ © une oeuvre dart, et cette transformation sexplique quand on prend conscience du soin quil a apportà © à   la composition. Rien nest plus savant mais rien non plus nest plus discret que la manià ¨re dont sagencent les à ©là ©ments au cours de la progression du roman. Le lecteur assiste aux menus faits quotidiens rapportà ©s, semble-t-il, sans choix et sans apprà ªt, dans lordre quimpose la stricte chronologie. Mais, de chacun dentre eux, lauteur met en lumià ¨re la valeur significative : ils rà ©và ¨lent les nuances dun caractà ¨re, ils à ©clairent là ©volution dun sentiment. Car cest bien en dà ©finitive la banalità © à ©touffante des jours qui pà ¨se sur Emma. On la voit se dà ©battre dà ©sespà ©rà ©ment contre lennui et pour sy soustraire aller de folie en folie selon un crescendo inexorable. Dans cette construction rigoureuse de lensemble, les passages mà ªmes qui à   premià ¨re vue font quelque peu figure de morceaux de bravoure, se justifient pleinement. Flaubert sà ©tend longuement sur la description de la noce de Charles et dEmma. Mais la place quil donne à   cet à ©pisode est en accord avec limportance quy attachent les personnages eux-mà ªmes. Une noce est un à ©và ©nement à   la campagne. Cest pourquoi dans la famille

Debate on Board Exams Free Essays

Good morning, one and all! Today’s debate is quite interesting, as we are the victims, rather the part of the society who sees it very closely than the rest. Now, frankly speaking, within each one of us, somewhere or the other we feel, very strongly feel , that board exams are a curse or rather some dangerous, ferocious animals. Truly the very spirit of examination aims at something noble, but unfortunately the implementation process is very unrealistic. We will write a custom essay sample on Debate on Board Exams or any similar topic only for you Order Now The present examination systems, as I said are very unrealistic, and moreover focus on the core subject of ‘Writing based on Memory’; there isn’t any scope for a child to enhance his/her creativity, there is always an obstruction on the out-of-box thinking. The child along with his parents suffer from acute tension, anxiety and fear during the period of exams, that lead to a very different mental status of a child, and is a symbol that the child is stressed out. It is not possible, to judge a student’s capacity in a mere 3 hour exam, How can it be possible that a 3 hour exam will foretell a student’s future? And that, this so called board exam be the only parameter to judge a child’s ability. It is really insane to say that, I feel. And moreover, its pure gambling at times, like it depends on the question, and the child’s preparations that coincide to give a better outcome. Sometimes it does and sometimes not. Mentioning draw backs of the exams will lead me to write a novel full of reasons. Present education system encourages cramming, unnecessary expenditure on help books and also encourages private tuition which has resulted in mushrooming of a large number of tuition shops in every city and even small towns by inexperienced tutors, with a lure to make huge turnovers†¦ Einstein once said and I quote â€Å"Every animal has their own talent, but if we judge a fish with its ability to climb tree, It lands to be a failure, always† This is what, board exam does, It tries to judge the memory power, and the power to reproduce the answers on the exam paper, It is a mechanical approach to test a human’s knowledge and not a holistic way. Now, I would like to ask you, what basically is exam!? Some may say, it’s an art to reproduce things on the exam paper, and yes truly it is! But what is the process involved? Do we give importance to that!? No, some of us might have cheated, used unfair means in the exam, and would come out bravely and speak ‘See I cheated and was undetected† we take credit for this, and here, the basic aim of board exams comes down breaking ! This symbolizes, and I conclude that board exams, or any Exam that focuses on memory, never helps the child in a long run. How to cite Debate on Board Exams, Essay examples Debate on Board Exams Free Essays Good morning, one and all! Today’s debate is quite interesting, as we are the victims, rather the part of the society who sees it very closely than the rest. Now, frankly speaking, within each one of us, somewhere or the other we feel, very strongly feel , that board exams are a curse or rather some dangerous, ferocious animals. Truly the very spirit of examination aims at something noble, but unfortunately the implementation process is very unrealistic. We will write a custom essay sample on Debate on Board Exams or any similar topic only for you Order Now The present examination systems, as I said are very unrealistic, and moreover focus on the core subject of ‘Writing based on Memory’; there isn’t any scope for a child to enhance his/her creativity, there is always an obstruction on the out-of-box thinking. The child along with his parents suffer from acute tension, anxiety and fear during the period of exams, that lead to a very different mental status of a child, and is a symbol that the child is stressed out. It is not possible, to judge a student’s capacity in a mere 3 hour exam, How can it be possible that a 3 hour exam will foretell a student’s future? And that, this so called board exam be the only parameter to judge a child’s ability. It is really insane to say that, I feel. And moreover, its pure gambling at times, like it depends on the question, and the child’s preparations that coincide to give a better outcome. Sometimes it does and sometimes not. Mentioning draw backs of the exams will lead me to write a novel full of reasons. Present education system encourages cramming, unnecessary expenditure on help books and also encourages private tuition which has resulted in mushrooming of a large number of tuition shops in every city and even small towns by inexperienced tutors, with a lure to make huge turnovers†¦ Einstein once said and I quote â€Å"Every animal has their own talent, but if we judge a fish with its ability to climb tree, It lands to be a failure, always† This is what, board exam does, It tries to judge the memory power, and the power to reproduce the answers on the exam paper, It is a mechanical approach to test a human’s knowledge and not a holistic way. Now, I would like to ask you, what basically is exam!? Some may say, it’s an art to reproduce things on the exam paper, and yes truly it is! But what is the process involved? Do we give importance to that!? No, some of us might have cheated, used unfair means in the exam, and would come out bravely and speak ‘See I cheated and was undetected† we take credit for this, and here, the basic aim of board exams comes down breaking ! This symbolizes, and I conclude that board exams, or any Exam that focuses on memory, never helps the child in a long run. How to cite Debate on Board Exams, Papers

Trader Joe Case Analysis for PEST Analysis-myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theTrader Joe Case Analysis for PEST Analysis. Answer: Detailed assessment of the Trader Joes environment P.E.S.T. analysis and the five forces analysis PEST Analysis All types of organizations need to analyze their external environment through the identification of the external factors that affect their operations. The PEST analysis is used as a popular tool to clarify the Political, Economic, Social and Technological issues (FME, 2018). According to Martrous (2016), the PEST analysis of the food retailing industry in the USA could be discussed as follows: The political issues: The USA has issued the Organic Food Production Act in 1990 that stated the national standards for the products grown organically in the United States. The act was based mainly on the consumer interest in the organic food. The economic issues: The American consumer is able to afford the purchasing cost of the organic foods which means a positive market outlook. Social issues: The increase in senior population is likely to cause an increase in consumption of the organic food as it is widely accepted among the population and more people are willing to spend on healthy food. Technological issues: The advancement in technology has positively affected the foods market and improved the end to end shopping experience. Many ways of digital food consumption were developed, including, the online shopping, shopping applications and shopping through the social media channels The Five Forces of competition Porters' five forces of competitive analysis could be applied to Trader Joe's as follows: The bargaining power of buyers: About 80% of the customers are highly educated. The company describes its target market as intelligent and enjoy shopping at Joe's (Ager Roberto, 2013). Bargaining power of suppliers: Trader Joe's deals directly with suppliers without middlemen. It takes the goods at 25% to 40% lower prices than the wholesale prices and it asks the merchants to keep the prices as secret. About 20-25% of its suppliers are overseas (Coriolis Research Ltd., 2006). Threat of new entrants: The potential entrants are low as it is difficult to enter the grocery market. The small and medium-size grocery stores account for about 70% of the industry. The local suppliers make entry restrictions to the market. The product freshness accounts for higher costs for small and medium business size (Martrous, 2016). Threat of substitute products: The threat of substitute product is high in the USA market as the prices of organic foods are generally higher compared to the regular grocery items (Martrous, 2016). Trader Joes does not offer a deduct strategy, but it offers lower prices organic food and it is the cheapest place in the USA to buy vitamins with 50 different types (Coriolis Research Ltd., 2006). Intensity of rivalry: The grocery industry is characterized as a competitive environment. There are four dominating companies; Walmart, Kroger, Safeway and Supervalu that accounts for 30% of the industry revenues and the rest goes to the small and medium-sized The market concentration is low and the wholesale companies provide groceries with 25% lower prices compared to the organic food (Martrous, 2016). Trader Joes offers a big range of ethnic cuisines for the food savvy customers. These products are promoted through flyers with recipes and information about the product to create a source of differentiation among rivals (Coriolis Research Ltd., 2006). Second: Essential skills, competencies, and capabilities of Trader Joes Organizations can create a strategic position through the production of a subset of the industry products, called variety based position. The second strategy is the needs-based positioning, it is based on fulfilling the different needs of some groups of customers with varying amount of information. The third strategy is the access-based positioning through segmenting customers and accessing them through different ways (Porter, 1996). Trader Joe's conduct the first two strategies as it aims to offer a variety of industrial products including organic food, wine, vitamins and music products. Also, it fulfills the complex needs of a certain group of customers who are well educated, love to travel and discover new thing. It is intelligent of him to select the store locations beside the educational institutes. Not conducting the third strategy creates a source of risk to Trader Joe's as it has to excel towards achieving its targeted customers with all of the possible means. Trader Joe's core competencies could be discussed according to MITSloan Management (2010), as follows: Its HRM: Trader Joe's policy towards its staff makes them love to work. It offers them training and pays them above the average market salaries. Also, the staff is very friendly and well educated and loved by the customers. Purchasing of large quantities of products driving the prices down for the customer: It offers high-quality products at low cost and follows the JIT process. It limits its stock for specific product items that could be sold at very low prices. Sourcing products globally and asking vendors to be secretive about the agreed upon prices: It works with a variety of suppliers who make interesting products especially for Trader Joe's. Offering 80% of the traded goods with private label items: It offers about 2000 unique grocery items, with every day reduced prices, moreover, it offers about 15 new products every week. Small size shops allow for low rental cost, or purchase price: It can control its costs. Also, it limits the number of hands that can touch the product by dealing directly with the producers. Also, it keeps its financial results as a secret. Third: Evaluation of the critical gaps in the skills, competencies, and capabilities that Trader Joes currently has versus what is needed in the future Despite the success of the Trader Joe's business, it has to develop certain skills, capabilities and competencies to be able to sustain its competitive advantage. Acting in the same way while not considering the environmental changes are expected to provide a chance to rivals to grow and at the same time, it creates a gap in the organizational skills that should be filled. For example, Wall-mart and other rivals expanded through small locations throughout the market. Also, Tesco has launched a chain of stores in the neighborhood and borrowed the process of the fresh and easy store from Joe's. Moreover, Amazon could utilize the technological advance to attract the consumers and shift their preferences. Trader Joe's lacks the capabilities that enable it from accessing consumer with a variety of means, including technological and even the traditional television advertisements. The company is against this thinking, but it cannot stay for a long time away as it has become a must (Ager Ro berto, 2013; Coriolis Research Ltd., 2006). On the other hand, consumers have been changing their shopping behavior for food. They tend to divide their spending across a variety of choices as hypermarkets, supermarkets convenience stores and online services. Trader Joe's shops' locations are small, offer certain types of goods and achieve customers called the value seekers through the indoor printed flyers only. It lacks the skills of marketing and promotion. It does not have a large distribution network, it depends only on expansion by opening more stores in certain areas. Despite the Facebook page created by people, the company neither responds to them nor create a marketing activity on the social media channels. It needs a technology-driven staff to join the work who clearly realize the fact that the digital technology is embedded now in the consumers' lifestyles. Moreover, during the period (2007-2012), 150 million square feet were added to the grocery retail industry. None of them represented a traditional supermarket format with its hard discounts and quite significant that led to lower operating costs. The Dollar stores enable the consumers to access hundreds of food and non-food items at the lowest prices. This rival expansion creates a threat to Trader Joe's traditional way of marketing as many competitors are imitating it and quickly respond to the consumer changing needs. The company has to obtain the skills that enables it from responding to the changing and customized consumer preferences (Hodson, Egol, Blischok, 2012; Hartman Group, 2017). Fourth: The key success factors required by Trader Joes to bridge identified gaps Being an innovative organization in one area does not mean to be innovative for only one part of the business model. Trader Joe' needs to focus its innovative resources on the threatening areas. Also, it needs to move faster as time is considered as a competitive weapon in the complex business environment (Zook Allen, 2011). Having a value network, including the upstream suppliers and the downstream customers as Trader Joe's is not enough to sustain its competitive advantage in the future. The company needs to acquire highly skilled staff aware of technology to create a freestanding value network. They are expected to market for the company products on a large scale and benefit from the customer orientation towards technology. Also, the company could adopt a new delivery strategy that allows the customers to select the products online to be delivered to the destination of their choice (Christensen, Anthony, Roth, 2004). In order to sustain its high performance in the future, companies need to develop a new generation of leaders. As Trader Joe's need a transformation plan, a new style of leaders needs to be encouraged to implement new business models. The company also has to adopt a new policy of cultivating new skills to join its staff to bring new blood to the organization (Johnson, Yip, Hensmans, 2012). As it is expected that the consumer habits over the next five years will change more towards healthier eating habits as a result of media awareness. Also, it is expected that consumer change will shift from grocery shopping of necessary goods to shopping for experience. As a result, Trader Joe's is likely to face growing competition and if we considered that Joe's company depends on the lower prices we will find that Wall-mart also knows very well (Bellona, Breivik, Cannon, Yap, 2010). References Ager, D., Roberto, M. (2013). Trader Joes. USA: Harvard Business Review. Bellona, D., Breivik, K., Cannon, C., Yap, M. (2010). Industry analysis: Retail grocery industry analysis, value creation Best practices. USA: Strategic Innovation in Product Service Design. Christensen, C., Anthony, S., Roth, E. (2004). Strategic choices. In Using the theories of innovation to predict industry change. Boston: Harvard Business School Press. Coriolis Research Ltd. (2006). Understanding Trader Joes. New Zealand: Coriolis Research Ltd. FME. (2018, April 08). PESTLE analysis: Strategy skills. Retrieved from Free Management ebooks: https://www.free-management-ebooks.com Hartman Group. (2017). U.S. grocery shopper trends. USA: FMI the Voice of Food Retailer. Hodson, N., Egol, N., Blischok, T. (2012). Four factors shaping competition in grocery retailing. USA: PWC. Johnson, G., Yip, G., Hensmans, M. (2012). Achieving successful strategic transformation. MIT Salon Management Review, 53(2), 25-32. Martrous, B. (2016). Whole foods market case analysis. USA: California State University. MITSloan Management. (2010). Trader Joes vs. whole foods market: A comparison of operational management. USA: Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Porter, M. (1996). What is strategy? USA: Harvard Business Review. Zook , C., Allen, J. (2011). The great repeatable business model. USA: Harvard Business Review.